The pervasiveness and relative invisibility of algorithms in our social and scientific life raise urgent questions and reveal new challenges. Our project aims to investigate current technological and social transformations from the privileged point of view of a long-term historical perspective, which traces the trajectory of automation and quantification back to the development of algebra and algebraic thinking during the European Renaissance.

This project will address fundamental questions on the function, diversity and evolution of plant NLRs (nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domain proteins) that are an important class of immune receptors and the main class of genes employed in crop disease resistance breeding. This collaboration between the research groups of K. Krasileva at UC Berkeley and T. Kroj at INRA Montpellier will result in exchange of expertise and joint development of standardized protocols for functional and comparative genomic investigation of NLRs.

The objective of this project is to initiate a cooperative effort to examine the fabric of natural granular deposits, sands in particular. The study of the influence of depositional structure of granular deposits has been Sitar’s long-term research interest. However, until recently, there were no practical methods for obtaining high resolution images of the actual 3-D structure of undisturbed samples.

Our objective is to initiate a strong collaboration aiming at developing and deploying novel tomographic methods for imaging localized structures in the deep Earth that are either blurred out or not visible in the current global models.

In budding yeast (S. cerevisiae), septins are essential for cell division. Within the hetero-octameric S. cerevisiae septin complex, the role of the Shs1 subunit remains still unclear. We propose here, using a combination of fluorescence and electron microscopy, as well as biomimetic in vitro and in vivo approaches, to investigate in details the phenotypes of specific mutants of Shs1. Specifically, we will focus our investigations on the C-terminal unstructured domain of Shs1 and on its GTP/GDP binding domain.

The piperidine moiety is prevalent in a wide range of medicines that address human ailments. Despite the well-established efficacy of piperidine-containing drugs, there is a continued need to identify derivatives that possess even more potency and selectivity to overcome challenges such as side-effects. The introduction of substituents on the piperidine skeleton in these medicinally-active small molecules can imbue them with novel or more pronounced activity and selectivity.

This project aims to compare and understand the evolution of sociability and personal networks in France and the United States of America. It aims to share data collected in both countries and to articulate two scales: a macro-sociological analysis of the evolution of personal networks and sociability over the past 30 years in both countries and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the evolution of personal networks along life courses based on very detailed data on a small sample.

The gut microbiota provides number of beneficial functions to its host, including nutrition, immune system regulation and niche protection against pathogens, and in return, the host shapes the environment to ensure commensal bacteria provide benefit. To maintain this ecosystemic symbiotic interactions at the organ scale, a myriad of microscale interactions occurs, between bacteria, or between the host and the microbiota. Data at different scale and resolution must be articulated to decipher these ecosystem-wide regulation mechanisms.

Linking social and applied sciences, this project includes interdisciplinary research on flood risk management, with a focus on California and southern France, regions affected by flash floods. We propose to develop new approaches to assess and manage flash floods after wildfires through improved understanding of the physical and social factors that affect the occurrence of these events.

In the current context of increasing disparities in mortality within the most developed countries and given the growing divergence in trends at the national level between the United States and other high-income countries, the purpose of the proposed project is dual. First, we will build two databases of historical mortality indicators at the regional level in France (for the départements) and in the United states (for the counties) using the same set of methods.

Low-temperature thermochronometry data are useful for answering a variety of geologic questions. However, interpretations made from such data rely on complex relationships between physical and chemical behavior at the mineral scale, combined with information related to the overall geologic history.

This project deals with the formation of large scale coherent structures in anisotropic turbulent flows. The main objective is to understand better the physical mechanisms at play in geophysical and astrophysical flows. The project will combine theoretical, numerical and experimental approaches to characterize non-local interactions between small-scale turbulence and large scale vortices frequently found in such flows.

The microwaves produced shortly after the Big Bang have traveled across nearly the entire visible universe before reaching the Earth today, their paths having been slightly deflected by the gravity field of the dark matter encountered along the way. This distortion both encodes valuable information about the dark (and regular) matter, and obscures properties of the Big Bang itself.

This Berkeley-Paris collaboration will develop new methods for controlling quantum systems that are based on a novel formulation of quantum feedback operations following continuous monitoring of the quantum degrees of freedom. Such control is essential to achieve the ultra-high fidelity and robustness of operation of quantum devices required for information processing based on quantum principles.  Our methods will enable the realization of quantum computers with current quantum technologies.

Our project brings together French and American scholars of Virginia Woolf to explore the resonance of her work across the boundaries of language, history, medium, and nation. We join the current surge of critical interest in what are often called "sound studies" and that Woolf called the "waves in the mind” that reverberate below the frequencies of semantic specificity. In addition to deepening our understanding of Woolf's "auditory imagination" (a phrase we borrow from her friend T.S.

This collaboration between the research labs of Dr. Truman Young and Dr. Elise Buisson will coordinate ideas concerning the role of priority effects and other ecological contingencies in ecology and restoration, in view of writing up several papers and developing longer-term research relationships, including reciprocal trips to Avignon University.

While the islands of Hawaii are considered a paradise to study the interplay between ecology and evolution, colonization of caves by spiders has received surprisingly little attention. Thanks to an extensive dataset already gathered on the field and in Museum collections, we started analyzing the relationships between above- and below-ground species of wolf spiders.

Studying the impact of the entirety of environmental exposures (the “exposome”) on health is a real challenge. This collaboration will gather the exposome experts from multiple research fields. Based on this expertise, simulations and both US and European mother-child cohorts, we aim to investigate, using new methodologies, the effects of the environmental exposures occurring during the prenatal period, a key time for health and the development of child and adult diseases.

This project aims at advancing our fundamental understanding of atmospheric deep convection (thunderstorms) and its spatial organization, which is a grand challenge in climate science. The success of this project will help guide and improve representations of organized convection in climate models, which would make more reliable projections about extreme precipitation events in future climates.